Urethral stricture is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. This condition can lead to difficulties in urination and may cause a range of symptoms and complications.
Causes of Urethral Stricture
- Trauma or Injury: Direct injury to the urethra, such as from a pelvic fracture or insertion of a catheter.
- Infections: Chronic or repeated infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can lead to scarring and narrowing.
- Medical Procedures: Surgeries involving the prostate or urethra, or procedures that require insertion of instruments into the urethra, can cause damage and subsequent stricture.
- Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like lichen sclerosus can cause chronic inflammation and scarring.
- Congenital Factors: Some individuals are born with a narrower urethra.
Symptoms of Urethral Stricture
- Difficulty starting urination
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Painful urination
- Incomplete emptying of the bladder
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Diagnosis of Urethral Stricture
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Initial assessment by a healthcare provider.
- Urine Flow Test (Uroflowmetry): Measures the rate of urine flow.
- Imaging Tests: Retrograde urethrogram or voiding cystourethrogram to visualize the stricture.
- Cystoscopy: Direct visualization of the urethra using a scope.
Treatment Options for Urethral Stricture
- Dilation: Gradual stretching of the urethra using dilators.
- Urethrotomy: Internal incision of the stricture using an endoscope.
- Catheterization: Temporary use of a catheter to bypass the stricture and allow urine to flow.
- Surgical Repair (Urethroplasty): Reconstruction or removal of the narrowed section of the urethra.
- Stenting: Insertion of a tube to keep the urethra open, though this is less common.
Complications of Untreated Urethral Stricture
- Chronic urinary retention
- Recurrent UTIs
- Bladder stones
- Kidney damage
- Severe urinary incontinence
Proper diagnosis and treatment of urethral stricture are essential to prevent complications and improve quality of life. If you suspect you have symptoms of this condition, it is important to seek medical advice.